Emergency rescue methods and medical assistance for personal injuries in safety accidents at large amusement facilities

1. Types of safety accidents in amusement rides:

a. Falling accidents from high altitude: refer to casualties and property losses caused by falling from a height above 2m (including 2m) above the base level.

b. Impact (falling object) accidents: refers to people hitting fixed objects, moving objects hitting people, mutual collisions, falling objects hitting, flying objects hitting, etc.

c. Overturning accident: refers to the collapse of equipment, causing casualties and property losses.

d. Electric shock accident: refers to a certain amount of current passing through the human body due to direct contact with the power source, causing casualties.

e. Contact (high-temperature moving parts) accident: refers to the human body coming into contact with high-temperature moving parts, causing casualties.

f. Fire accident: refers to casualties and property losses caused by out-of-control combustion in time and space.

2. First aid for personnel in various accidents

2.1 First aid for persons injured in falling accidents

2.1.1 Remove loose objects and other sharp objects from the surrounding area to avoid further injury.

2.1.2 Remove utensils from the casualty and hard objects from pockets.

2.1.3 If the scene is dangerous, the injured should be transported promptly. During handling and transfer, the neck and trunk should not be bent forward or twisted, but the spine should be straightened. It is absolutely prohibited to lift one shoulder and one leg to avoid causing or aggravating paraplegia.

2.1.4 If there is no danger at the scene and first aid personnel can arrive immediately, try not to transport the injured person.

2.1.5 The injured area should be properly bandaged, but people with suspected skull base fractures or injuries due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage should not be packed to avoid intracranial infection.

2.1.6 For maxillofacial casualties, the respiratory tract should be kept open first, dentures should be removed, displaced tissue fragments, blood clots, oral secretions, etc. should be removed, and the buttons on the casualty's neck and chest should be loosened at the same time. If the tongue has fallen back or the foreign body in the oral cavity cannot be removed, a 12-gauge thick needle can be used to puncture the cricothyroid membrane to maintain breathing and make a tracheotomy as early as possible.

2.1.7 Compound injuries require lying on the back, keeping the respiratory tract open, and unbuttoning the collar.

2.1.8 Peripheral vascular injury, compression from the arterial trunk above the injured part to the bone. It is appropriate to place a thick dressing directly on the wound and use a pressure bandage to prevent bleeding and not affect the blood circulation of the limbs. This is often effective. When the above methods are ineffective, the tourniquet can be used with caution. In principle, the use time should be shortened as much as possible. Generally, it should not exceed 1 hour. Make a mark to indicate the time when the tourniquet is applied.

2.1.9 If possible, quickly give intravenous fluids to replenish blood volume.

2.1.10 When a casualty accident occurs, the person in charge should immediately call 120 medical emergency number, explain the condition of the injured, the driving route, contact the duty vehicle to be on standby at any time, and arrange for personnel to go to the entrance intersection to direct the driving route of the ambulance.

2.1.11 The person in charge shall arrange for inspection personnel to protect the accident site and prevent other unrelated persons from approaching the site.

2.2 First aid for injured persons in collision (falling objects) accidents When a collision (falling objects) injury occurs, the project leader will implement necessary medical treatment based on the injury situation of the injured person and the actual situation on site. The focus of rescue will be on craniocerebral injury, chest injury, etc. Fractures, spinal fractures and bleeding are treated.

2.2.1 First, observe the injured person’s injury condition, location, and nature of the injury, and apply a bandage or cloth strip to the bleeding injured person to stop the bleeding.

2.2. 2 If the injured person goes into shock, the shock should be treated first. If breathing or heartbeat stops, artificial respiration should be performed immediately and external chest heart compression should be performed. The injured in shock should be kept quiet, kept warm, lying down, move less, and have their lower limbs raised about 20 degrees, and be sent to the hospital for rescue treatment as soon as possible.

2.2.3 In the event of craniocerebral injury, the respiratory tract must be maintained unobstructed. A comatose person should lie on his back with his face turned to one side to prevent the base of the tongue from falling or secretions or vomitus being inhaled, which may cause laryngeal obstruction.

2.2.4 Those with fractures should be initially immobilized before transporting them. If there is a spinal fracture, do not bend or twist the injured person’s neck and body, do not touch the injured person’s wounds, relax the injured person’s body, and try to lift the injured person away. Place on a stretcher or flatbed for transportation.

2.2.5 In case of depressed fractures, severe skull base fractures or severe brain injury symptoms, cover the wound with sterilized gauze or clean cloth, wrap it with a bandage or cloth strip, and send it to the nearest qualified hospital for treatment in a timely manner.

2.2.6 When a casualty accident occurs, the person in charge should immediately call 120 medical emergency number, explain the situation of the injured, the driving route, contact the duty vehicle to be on standby at any time, and arrange for personnel to go to the entrance intersection to direct the driving route of the ambulance.

2.2.7 The project leader arranges inspection personnel to protect the accident site and prevent other unrelated persons from approaching the site.

2.3 First Aid for Injured Persons in Overturning Accidents When overturning injuries occur, the project leader will implement necessary medical treatment based on the injury status of the injured person and the actual situation on site. The focus of rescue will be on brain injuries, fractures, drowning, visceral injuries, and electric shocks. for processing.

2.3. 1 First observe the injured person’s injury condition, location, and nature of the injury, and apply a bandage or cloth strip to the bleeding injured person to stop the bleeding.

2.3.2 If the injured person goes into shock, the shock should be treated first. If breathing or heartbeat stops, artificial respiration should be performed immediately and external chest heart compression should be performed. The injured in shock should be kept quiet, kept warm, lying down, move less, and have their lower limbs raised about 20 degrees, and be sent to the hospital for rescue treatment as soon as possible.

2.3.3 In the event of craniocerebral injury, the respiratory tract must be maintained unobstructed. A comatose person should lie on his back with his face turned to one side to prevent the base of the tongue from falling or secretions or vomitus being inhaled, which may cause laryngeal obstruction.

2.3.4 Those with fractures should be initially immobilized before moving. If there is a spinal fracture, do not bend or twist the injured person’s neck and body, do not touch the injured person’s wounds, relax the injured person’s body, and try to lift the injured person away. Place on a stretcher or flatbed for transportation.

2.3.5 In case of depressed fractures, severe skull base fractures or severe brain injury symptoms, cover the wound with sterilized gauze or clean cloth, wrap it with a bandage or cloth strip, and send it to the nearest qualified hospital for treatment in a timely manner.

2.3.6 If there is a drowning person, personnel should first be organized to fish the drowning person out of the water. In case of suffocation, the silt and other substances in the mouth of the injured person should be cleaned promptly, the chest should be squeezed to drain the water from the lungs, artificial respiration should be performed, and the person should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible. Go to the hospital for treatment.

2.3.7 If a person who falls from overturned equipment suffers internal organ damage, he should try to lie down flat, keep his breathing unobstructed, and send him to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

2.3.8 In case of an electric shock, the power supply must be cut off first and the injured person must be removed from the accident scene. In case of a casualty who is suffocating, artificial respiration should be performed as soon as possible and external chest heart compression should be performed. Use gauze to wrap the burned area of the skin and send it to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

2.3.9 When a casualty accident occurs, the project leader should immediately call 120 medical emergency number, explain the condition of the injured, the driving route, contact the on-duty vehicle to arrive at the scene, and be on standby at any time. At the same time, arrange for personnel to go to the entrance intersection to direct the driving route of the ambulance.

2.3.10 The project leader arranges inspection personnel to protect the accident site and prevent other unrelated persons from approaching the site.

2.4 First aid for injured persons in electric shock accidents

2.4.1 Quickly disconnect from the power supply a. Cut off the power switch, or use electrician pliers or a wooden ax to cut off the wires to disconnect the power supply. Because the longer the current is applied, the more serious the damage will be. b. If you are far away from the switch or it is difficult to disconnect the power supply, you can use dry wooden sticks, bamboo poles, etc. to pick apart the wires or live objects on the person who got the electric shock; or use an insulator to pull the person away from the electric shock.

2.4.2 First aid for injured persons

2.4.2.1 When the person who gets an electric shock is disconnected from the power supply, different first aid measures should be taken according to the severity of the electric shock.

a. If the injured person who received an electric shock is not seriously injured and is still conscious, but only has numbness in his limbs and general weakness, or if he has been comatose but has not lost consciousness, he should be allowed to rest quietly on the spot for 1 to 2 hours and be closely observed. .

b. If the person who received an electric shock is seriously injured and is unconscious and not breathing, but his heart is beating, artificial respiration should be performed immediately. If you are breathing but your heart has stopped beating, use external chest heart compression.

c. If the person who received an electric shock is seriously injured, his heartbeat and breathing have stopped, his pupils are dilated, and he has lost consciousness, artificial respiration and external chest heart compression must be used at the same time.

d. Be patient when performing artificial respiration and chest compression, and persist in rescuing until the person is revived or confirmed dead.

e. While on the way to the hospital for rescue, the first aid work cannot be interrupted.

2.4.2.2 Mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration method. Before performing mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, the collar, top, and trousers of the person who gets an electric shock that are hindering breathing should be quickly untied, and the food that is in the mouth of the person who gets an electric shock that is hindering breathing should be quickly removed and removed. dentures, blood clots, mucus, etc. to avoid blocking the respiratory tract. When performing mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration, the person who was electrocuted should lie on his back, and his head should be fully tilted back (it is best to hold the back of the person's neck with one hand), with the nostrils pointing upward to facilitate smooth respiratory tract. The steps for mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration are as follows:

a. Close the nostrils (or mouth) of the person who received the electric shock. The rescuer takes a deep breath and blows air inward against the person's mouth (or nose) for about 2 seconds.

b. After blowing, immediately leave the mouth (or nose) of the person who got the electric shock, release the nostrils (or lips) of the person who got the electric shock, and let him exhale on his own for about 3 seconds.

c. If the person who received an electric shock cannot open his mouth, mouth-to-nose artificial respiration can be used instead.

2.4.2.3 Extrathoracic heart compression method The person who received an electric shock should be made to lie down on a relatively solid place in the same posture as the mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration method. The essentials of action are as follows:

a. The rescue personnel kneel on the side of the person who received an electric shock or kneel on both sides of the person's waist, with their hands overlapping, with the roots of their palms above the heart and one-third to one-half of the lower sternum.

b. Squeeze the heel of the palm vertically downward (in the direction of the spine). For adults, the depression should be 3 to 4 centimeters. Squeeze once per second and 60 times per minute.

c. After squeezing, the heel of the palm will be lifted quickly, allowing the electrocuted person's chest to recover automatically. Each time you relax, the heels of your hands don't have to completely lift away from your chest.

2.4.3 When a casualty accident occurs, the project leader should immediately call 120 medical emergency number, explain the condition of the injured, the driving route, contact the duty vehicle to be on standby at any time, and arrange for personnel to direct the ambulance driving route at the entrance junction. The project leader should immediately report to the emergency response leading group of the special inspection center.

2.4.4 The project leader arranges inspection personnel to protect the accident site and prevent other unrelated persons from approaching the site.

2.5 Rescue of injured persons in contact with (high temperature moving parts)

2.5.1 When a personnel contact (high-temperature moving parts) accident occurs, the project leader shall perform necessary medical treatment based on the injury situation of the injured person and the actual situation on site. If the injury situation permits, organize personnel to transport the injured person and transfer them to a safe place. .

2.5.2 When a passenger contact (high-temperature moving parts) accident occurs, first aid personnel should rush to the accident site as soon as possible, call the surrounding people to notify the medical department in a timely manner, and quickly remove the burnt and scalded person from the scene, and if possible, cut off their clothes . Check for damage, such as damage to the brain, chest and abdominal internal organs, poisoning, fractures, etc. Pay attention to prevent the wounded from shock, suffocation, and wound infection. If necessary, use analgesics and drink light salt water. Note: In addition to chemical burns at the scene, the wound surface is generally not treated. If there are blisters, do not burst them. Cover them with clean clothes and send the injured to the hospital for treatment in a timely manner. For first-degree burns or small-area mild burns, immediately rinse or soak the injured area with cold water to lower the surface temperature, and then apply egg white, sesame oil, etc., and it will usually heal in 3 to 5 days. If the blisters of second-degree burns are not broken, you can first rinse the wound with cold water and dry it, then use a wine sterilized needle to break the blisters to release the pus, apply Jingwanhong and badger oil burn ointment to the local area, and then use gauze to pack it under pressure, 2 ~Replace it once every 3 days and it will heal in about a week. It is forbidden to use sticky gauze for first- and second-degree burns, and it is forbidden to apply grease, violet, etc. to the injured area. Third-degree burns or burns on the head, face, hands, feet, or perineum that cover more than 1% of the body surface area should be covered with a clean sheet. You should call 120 immediately and ask for emergency medical treatment. When a person is involved in an accident involving contact with low-temperature objects, such as initial frostbite, the person should put the frostbitten area in a warm place, such as putting his hands under his armpits or putting his feet against his companion's stomach. However, he should not stay with his companion for too long. Pain may occur during recovery. If you have deep frostbite, you should promptly prevent the injury from getting worse after discovery. The best way is to put the frostbitten area in warm water of about 28-28.5 degrees to slowly recover. However, you must not rub it with snow or bake it with fire. . In addition, for seriously injured people, please call 120 immediately and ask for emergency medical treatment.

2.5.3 When a casualty accident occurs, the person in charge should immediately call 120 medical emergency number, explain the condition of the injured, the driving route, contact the duty vehicle to be on standby at any time, and arrange for personnel to go to the entrance intersection to direct the ambulance's driving route. The project leader should immediately report to the emergency response leading group of the special inspection center.

2.5.4 The project leader arranges inspection personnel to protect the accident site and prevent other unrelated persons from approaching the site.

2.6 Rescue of injured persons in fire accidents

2.6.1 Immediately cut off the power supply after a fire occurs to prevent electric shock during the firefighting process.

2.6.2 If a precision instrument catches fire, a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher should be used to put it out.

2.6.3 If a fire occurs in oil or liquid glue, foam or dry powder fire extinguishers should be used. It is strictly prohibited to use water to put out the fire.

2.6.4 When fighting a fire that produces toxic substances, firefighters should wear gas masks before fighting.

2.6.5 In the process of fighting fires, the principle of saving people first is always adhered to, and it is strictly forbidden to put lives at risk of saving materials.

2.6.6 First aid for injured persons. Necessary medical treatment shall be carried out immediately based on the injury condition of the injured person and the actual situation at the scene. The burned area shall be flushed with large amounts of clean cold water. If the injury condition permits, the rescue team shall be responsible for organizing personnel to transport the injured person and transfer them. Get to a safe place.

2.6.7 When a casualty accident occurs, the project leader should immediately call 120 medical emergency number, explain the condition of the injured, the driving route, contact the duty vehicle to be on standby at any time, and arrange for personnel to direct the ambulance driving route at the entrance junction.

2.6.8 The person in charge shall arrange inspection personnel to protect the accident site and prevent other unrelated persons from approaching the site.